![]() ![]() Black has two options for their queen's bishop: on e6 and on b7 (after. Black almost always equalizes, and might even obtain a slight edge, if the d6–d5 break can be made. Black must play very carefully or White will place a knight on d5 and obtain a commanding positional advantage. The entire game revolves around control of the d5-square. It is a paradoxical idea that Black can strive for equality by voluntarily creating a hole on d5. Themes for Black: d6–d5 break, queenside minority attack, the c4-square. Themes for White: taking control the d5 hole, exploiting the backward d6-pawn, f2–f4 break. a6), King's English (with colors reversed), Pirc, Philidor, Ruy Lopez (Spanish), Italian Other: Sicilian Prins, Moscow, O'Kelly (2. Openings: Primary: Sicilian Najdorf, Classical, Sveshnikov, Kalashnikov. Themes for Black: Pressure on the long diagonal, queenside counterplay, exploiting White's often overextended kingside pawns in the endgame. ![]() Themes for White: Outpost on d5, kingside attack (either f2–f4–f5 with kingside castling or h2–h4–h5 with queenside castling), weakness of Black's queenside pawn minority in the endgame. These less common variations lead to less tactical positions, with a potentially technical endgame. Other variations include the following: the Classical Dragon, where White plays Be2 and 0-0 the Tal Attack, defined by Bc4 and 0-0 and the Fianchetto Defense, where White plays g3, Bg2 and 0-0. This is especially true when it comes to the Yugoslav Attack in which White plays the moves Be3, f3, Qd2 and 0-0-0. The Sicilian Dragon requires a high level of opening memorization to play properly. Other: Pirc, King's English (with colors reversed).Ĭharacter: Either a razor sharp middlegame with opposite side castling or a moderately sharp game with same side castling. For instance, in the Queen's Gambit Declined, Black waits until White develops the king's bishop to make the d5xc4 capture, transposing to the Slav formation (see below). Play often revolves around making the transposition happen under favorable circumstances. They are ordinarily unstable and tend to transpose into a stable formation with a pawn push or exchange. Structures with mutually attacking pawns are said to have tension. It is typically the center pawns whose position influences the nature of the game the most. For a formation to fall into a particular category, it need not have a pawn position identical to the corresponding diagram, but only close enough that the character of the game and the major themes are unchanged. In 2015, the book Chess Structures, by Mauricio Flores Rios, further studied the subject, subdividing pawn structures into the 28 most important. In his 1995 book Pawn Structure Chess, Andrew Soltis classified the major pawn formations into 17 categories. Such transpositions must be considered carefully and often mark shifts in game strategy. Pawn structures often transpose into one another, such as the Isolani into the Hanging pawns, and vice versa. Pawn formations symmetrical about a vertical line (such as the e5 Chain and the d5 Chain) may appear similar, but they tend to have entirely different characteristics because of the propensity of the kings to castle on the kingside. ![]() The pawn formation does determine the overall strategies of the players to a large extent, however, even if arising from unrelated openings. In the absence of these structural weaknesses, it is not possible to assess a pawn formation as good or bad-much depends on the position of the pieces. Care must therefore be taken to avoid them (but there are exceptions-for instance see Boleslavsky hole below). I'm making a chess game and I've reached the part of validating the movements.Weaknesses in the pawn structure, such as isolated, doubled, or backward pawns and holes, once created, are usually permanent. ![]()
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